Effect of detergents and chemical additives used on children clothes and their affected with dermatitis

Contact allergy to clothing is a matter of a concern. Although Textile dermatitis is common, it is frequently misdiagnosed. The exact incidence of textile contact dermatitis is unknown. The most frequent causes of textile dermatitis are some Household products as detergents, cleaners, polishes, bleaches, disinfectants, sterilizers, and products for clothing. Many of these contain chemicals that present a risk to those who encounter them. This contact may be through inhalation or dermal exposure for human. Textile dermatitis in children is only one example of adverse health effects due to clothing. Consumer Products Safety Commission reported that chemicals found in the homes identified 150 chemicals that had been linked to allergies, birth defects, cancer, and psychological abnormalities. How does this affect our health? Study the effect of detergents and some chemical additives [Bleaches and fabric softeners] used in washing children clothes and dermatitis. Randomized sample of 159 mothers from different socio-economic levels between [February-August] 2007 were submitted to questionnaires to collect information. Children dermatitis resulted from chemical substances used in washing their clothes, whether detergent for cleaning, bleach for whiting, even fabric softeners for more beauty of clothes. Results submitted to statistical analysis showed appositive relation and co-relation between householder's substances and dermatitis in children. Dermatitis in children strongly related to detergents and chemical additives as bleach and fabric softeners. Some factors can act as predisposing through chemical additives in coursing dermatitis. Clothes should be treated as possible as can with special care, to gain good health of dermis especially in children. From statistical analysis of the results, we come to some important recommendations, to decrease and prevent children dermatitis as possible as can, some of which are: try to replace natural substances for cleaning clothes and softening them as vinegar, follow the instruction of use written on the chemicals used with washing clothes, reduce the use of them as much as can, washing clothes with water for many times to reduce the hidden particle in the fiber and the knowledge and general information about health and clothing had to be increased though the media to elevate the awareness of people

The pH of commercially available rinse-off products in Sri Lanka and their effect on skin pH.

INTRODUCTION: Initially linked to antimicrobial function, the acidic skin pH plays a key role in permeability barrier homeostasis and integrity of the stratum corneum. Barrier recovery is delayed when acutely perturbed skin sites are exposed to a neutral pH. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pH of commercially available rinse-off products in Sri Lanka, and the effect of detergent rinses on skin pH and its recovery rate. METHODS: The pH of 18 rinse-off products was determined using pH indicator paper and a pH meter. The effect of an alkaline (pH 9) and an acid (pH 5.5) rinse-off product on the hand skin pH was compared in 48 healthy volunteers after single and multiple applications. The skin pH of the dorsum of hands was measured in nurses before (n = 131) and during (n = 40) a duty shift that involved frequent hand washing using alkaline soap. RESULTS: Soaps available in Sri Lanka have a pH of 9.1-10.5. The pH of syndets and cleansers range from 5.5-7.0. Five minutes after hand washing, the mean skin pH increased by 1.7 +/- SD 0.5 pH units with alkaline soap, and by 0.8 +/- SD 0.4 pH units with acidic cleanser (p < 0.0001). Recovery of pH was slower when alkaline soap was used. The increase in skin pH was significantly greater when hands were repetitively washed with alkaline soap (p < 0.0001). The mean skin pH values of nurses before (4.9 +/- SD 0.4) and during (5.7 +/- SD 0.7) the work shift were significantly different (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Alkalinisation with rinse-off products increases the skin pH with potential functional and clinical implications.

Benzalkonium Chloride Induced Bronchoconstriction in Patients with Stable Bronchial Asthma

BACKGROUND: Although benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-induced bronchoconstriction occurs in patients with bronchial asthma, BAC-containing nebulizer solutions are still being used in daily practice in Korea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of inhaled aqueous solutions containing BAC. METHDOS: Thirty subjects with bronchial asthma and 10 normal controls inhaled up to three 600 microgram nebulized doses of BAC using a jet nebulizer. FEV1 (forced expiratory volume at one second) was measured 15 minutes after each dose. Inhalations were repeated every 20 minutes until FEV1 decreased by 15% or more (defined as BAC-induced bronchoconstriction) or the 3 doses were administered. RESULTS: The percent fall in FEV1 in response to BAC inhalation was significantly higher in asthmatics than in normal subjects (p<0.05). BAC administration in subjects with asthma reached a plateau (maximal effect). BAC-induced bronchoconstriction was found in 6 asthmatics (20%), with two responders after the 2nd inhalation and 4 after the 3rd inhalation. The percent fall in FEV1 in response to the 1st inhalation of BAC was significantly higher in asthmatics with higher bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) than in those with lower BHR. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the available multi-dose nebulized solution is generally safe. However, significant bronchoconstriction can occur at a relatively low BAC dose in asthmatics with severe airway responsiveness.

The compatibility of denture cleansers and resilient liners

PURPOSE: Difficulty in cleaning resilient denture liners remains a material disadvantage. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of denture cleansers on hardness of resilient liner materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three resilient liners, Luci Sof® (Dentsply), Molloplast-B® (Dentax), and Sofreliner® (Tokuyama), and two denture cleansers, Efferdent® (Warner-Lamber), and 0.5 percent alkaline hypochlorite preparation were used. Twenty specimens of each material were prepared, measuring 25X15X3mm. Two denture cleansing approaches were used: 1) alkaline hypochlorite, for 20 minutes; 2) alkaline peroxide, for 30 minutes. This procedure was repeated 8 times a day, during 90 days. The specimens were evaluated before and after 360 and 720 cycles, to simulate 1 and 2 years of clinical cleaning procedures, respectively. The Shore A hardness was evaluated in a durometer (Teclock GS-709A), with a penetrating load of 10N for 1 second. Any macroscopic changes, such as loss of color or alteration in surface texture were recorded by one observer. All numeric data were subject to ANOVA with repeated measures followed by Tukey's test (alpha= 0.05). RESULTS: All materials were significantly different, independently to time and treatment. Initially, Luci Sof® and Sofreliner® immersed in either hypochlorite or peroxide increased the hardness mean values significantly. These hardness mean values decreased significantly after 720 cycles. Molloplast-B® showed no significant difference after the treatments, in any time. CONCLUSIONS: Denture cleansers had no effect on hardness of the resilient denture liners evaluated after 2 years of in vivo simulated conditions of hygiene. Sofreliner® was the smoothest material before and after all treatments.

PROPOSIÇÃO: A maior desvantagem dos materiais reembasadores resilientes é a dificuldade em mantê-los limpos. Esse trabalho avaliou o efeito de agentes de limpeza sobre a dureza de reembasadores resilientes. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados os materiais Luci Sof® (Dentsply), Molloplast-B® (Dentax) e Sofreliner® (Tokuyama), e os agentes de limpeza Hipoclorito de Sódio a 0,5 por cento (Medicinallis-Farmácia de Manipulação) e Efferdent® (Warner-Lamber). Foram confeccionadas 20 amostras de cada material, com dimensões de 25X14X3mm. Foram realizados 2 tratamentos: 1) Hipoclorito de Sódio a 0,5 por cento a 37 + 1°C, durante 20 minutos; 2) Peróxido Alcalino, a 37 + 1°C, durante 30 minutos. Após as imersões, as amostras foram lavadas e imersas em água destilada, a 37 ± 1°C, pelo período restante das 24 h. Esse processo foi repetido 8 vezes por dia, durante 90 dias. A dureza foi avaliada antes e após 360 e 720 ciclos, correspondente a 1 e 2 anos de uso clínico, respectivamente. O ensaio de dureza Shore A foi realizado em durômetro modelo GS-709 (Teclock-Japão), com aplicação de carga de 10 N por 1 segundo. Alterações macroscópicas, como perda de cor e alteração da superfície, foram avaliadas por um observador. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à ANOVA com medidas repetidas e ao Teste de Tukey (5 por cento). RESULTADOS: Os materiais apresentaram diferença significante nos valores médios de dureza, independente do tratamento e do tempo. Luci Sof® e Sofreliner® aumentaram os valores médios de dureza inicialmente, os quais diminuíram após 720 ciclos significativamente, para ambos os tratamentos. Molloplast-B® não apresentou diferença significante nos diferentes tempos e tratamentos. CONCLUSÕES: Os tratamentos em agentes de limpeza não alteraram os valores de dureza dos reembasadores resilientes após 2 anos de simulação clínica. Sofreliner® apresentou os menores valores de dureza, em todos os tempos e tratamentos, apresentando-se como...

The compatibility of denture cleansers and resilient liners%Influência dos agentes químicos de limpeza sobre reembasadores resilientes de próteses

PROPOSIÇÃO: A maior desvantagem dos materiais reembasadores resilientes é a dificuldade em mantê-los limpos. Esse trabalho avaliou o efeito de agentes de limpeza sobre a dureza de reembasadores resilientes. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados os materiais Luci Sof« (Dentsply), Molloplast-B« (Dentax) e Sofreliner« (Tokuyama), e os agentes de limpeza Hipoclorito de Sódio a 0,5 por cento (Medicinallis-Farmácia de Manipulação) e Efferdent« (Warner-Lamber). Foram confeccionadas 20 amostras de cada material, com dimensões de 25X14X3mm. Foram realizados 2 tratamentos: 1) Hipoclorito de Sódio a 0,5 por cento a 37 + 1ºC, durante 20 minutos; 2) Peróxido Alcalino, a 37 + 1ºC, durante 30 minutos. Após as imersões, as amostras foram lavadas e imersas em água destilada, a 37 ± 1ºC, pelo período restante das 24 h. Esse processo foi repetido 8 vezes por dia, durante 90 dias. A dureza foi avaliada antes e após 360 e 720 ciclos, correspondente a 1 e 2 anos de uso clínico, respectivamente. O ensaio de dureza Shore A foi realizado em durômetro modelo GS-709 (Teclock-Japão), com aplicação de carga de 10 N por 1 segundo. Alterações macroscópicas, como perda de cor e alteração da superfície, foram avaliadas por um observador. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à ANOVA com medidas repetidas e ao Teste de Tukey (5 por cento). RESULTADOS: Os materiais apresentaram diferença significante nos valores médios de dureza, independente do tratamento e do tempo. Luci Sof« e Sofreliner« aumentaram os valores médios de dureza inicialmente, os quais diminuíram após 720 ciclos significativamente, para ambos os tratamentos. Molloplast-B« não apresentou diferença significante nos diferentes tempos e tratamentos. CONCLUSÕES: Os tratamentos em agentes de limpeza não alteraram os valores de dureza dos reembasadores resilientes após 2 anos de simulação clínica. Sofreliner« apresentou os menores valores de dureza, em todos os tempos e tratamentos, apresentando-se como o material mais macio

Posible influencia del vertimiento de detergente sintético a la atmósfera en las afecciones del tracto respiratorio en escolares / Possible influence of effusion of synthetic detergent to the atmosphere on affections of the respiratory tract in school children

Se realizó un estudio con un grupo de niños de 2 escuelas de enseñanza primaria, la "Nguyen Van Troi" en el Cerro, aledaña a la fábrica de detergentes "Sergio Sierra" y la "Augusto César Sandino" en Fontanar, zona con nivel de polvo similar a la anterior, pero desprovista de la presencia de detergente en el aire. Los niños se clasificaron en 3 grupos: no alérgicos, asmáticos y con otras manifestaciones alérgicas del tracto respiratorio, atendiendo a la existencia o no de antecedentes patológicos familiares y personales. Según nuestra investigación, la presencia de todos los síntomas respiratorios (a excepción de la tos) fue predominante en los alumnos de la escuela "Nguyen Van Troi", influenciada por la contaminación atmosférica; el estornudo y la coriza son los más significativos, principalmente en el grupo de escolares con otras manifestaciones alérgicas. Se encontró, además, un porcentaje significativo de viviendas con malas condiciones higiénicas en la zona del Cerro que están afectadas notablemente por la contaminación de detergentes y polvo en su interior